Head of the Buddha Chandi Borobudur, central Java About 9th century AD OA 1859.12-28.177 The first major period of architectural activity in Java took place between 8th-10th centuries AD in the central region of the island. Many Buddhist and Hindu temples were built by members of the Shailendra dynasty. This is the period of the introduction of Mahayana Buddhism and the building of Chandi Borobudur - the principal monument of the period. This head comes from one of the seated Buddha figures mounted on the sides and top of the structure.